The meta robots tag is a powerful tool to control how Google crawls and indexes your web pages. By adding <meta name="robots" content="directive"> in the <head> section, you can instruct Google to index or not index a page, follow or not follow links, and limit snippet length among other behaviours. For example, using "noindex, nofollow" prevents a page from appearing in search results and stops Google from following any links on that page.
If you want to apply directives specifically for Googlebot, use the <meta name="googlebot" content="directive"> tag. When there are conflicting directives between robots and googlebot tags, the more restrictive one applies. This granular control helps manage which pages appear in search and how Google interacts with your site, improving crawl efficiency and protecting sensitive or low-value content from indexing.
Remember, the default behaviour is "index, follow", so you only need to specify these tags when you want to override that. Also, consider using the X-Robots-Tag HTTP header for non-HTML files like PDFs or images to control their indexing similarly. [Google]